Contiguous United States: Defining & Describing the Lower 48
The contiguous United States, also known as the "Lower 48," encompasses a vast swathe of land encompassing 48 states. This interconnected mainland region, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, has a rich history intricately woven with the narrative of the nation itself. From early indigenous settlements to waves of European colonization, the transformation of this area over centuries reflects diverse cultural influences, economic shifts, and political evolution.
Early inhabitants of the land now comprising the contiguous U.S. were part of numerous indigenous tribes, each with their unique traditions and governance structures. Their presence shaped the landscape through agriculture, hunting practices, and intricate trade networks spanning vast distances. Colonization by European powers starting in the 16th century dramatically altered this established order, leading to displacement, conflict, and the gradual imposition of new social structures.
The formation of a unified nation saw the contiguous U.S. at the heart of westward expansion, fueled by ideals of Manifest Destiny and the pursuit of opportunity. This period witnessed significant territorial acquisition, culminating in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, doubling the size of the country. It also brought about the Trail of Tears, forcibly relocating Native American populations from their ancestral lands, a painful chapter marked by displacement and suffering. The industrial revolution further reshaped the landscape, driving urbanization, economic growth, and social changes that continue to shape the contiguous United States today.
Defining the Contiguous U.S
The term "contiguous United States" refers specifically to the 48 states located within the contiguous North American landmass. This geographical definition excludes Alaska and Hawaii, which are considered non-contiguous due to their remote island locations.
Geographically, the contiguous U.S. is bound by Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. To the east, its borders transition into the Atlantic Ocean. Noteworthy exceptions exist within this general definition, such as Point Roberts, Washington, and the Northwest Angle in Minnesota, which rely on crossing Canada for overland access.
The concept of "contiguous" emphasizes the uninterrupted land connection between these 48 states. Importantly, the District of Columbia, while not a state, is geographically included within the contiguous U.S., reflecting its unique status as the nation's capital. This distinction between the contiguous United States and the entire nation (including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc.) is crucial for accurate geographical and political analysis.
Terms Used to Describe the Contiguous U.S
While "contiguous United States" remains the most precise and widely accepted term, several other expressions are commonly used to describe this geographic region.
"Conterminous United States" is an official synonym for "contiguous," often employed in formal contexts. The more casual "Lower 48" is prevalent, particularly when contrasting the contiguous states with Alaska. However, organizations like National Geographic recommend using more specific wording unless specifically discussing Alaska.
Regional nuances also shape terminology. In Alaska, the phrase "outside" often refers to the contiguous states. Residents of Hawaii commonly use "mainland" or "U.S. Mainland." Similarly, individuals from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands frequently employ "Stateside" when indicating the mainland United States. These variations highlight the diverse perspectives and linguistic practices within American territory.
Regional Terms for the Continental U.S
The vastness of the United States fosters a variety of regional expressions for identifying areas within its bounds. When it comes to referring to the contiguous 48 states, these terms often reflect unique cultural perspectives and historical contexts.
In Alaska, where vast distances separate it from the "Lower 48," the term "outside" has become widely ingrained in everyday language when speaking about the contiguous U.S. This simple yet evocative phrase encapsulates the sense of remoteness and distinct identity Alaskans often feel toward the mainland.
Similarly, residents of Hawaii, geographically isolated as they are by the Pacific Ocean, utilize terms such as "mainland" or "U.S. Mainland" to denote the contiguous states. These phrases underscore their perception of Hawaii's unique location and cultural fabric distinct from the larger mainland population.
Even within U.S territories, there are specific terms that signify connection with the mainland. In Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, "Stateside" is commonly employed to refer to the contiguous United States. This term carries a sense of inclusion while acknowledging the distinct political status and cultural identities of these U.S. territories.
Interesting Facts about Accessibility
Despite its vast size and generally continuous landmass, the contiguous United States does present some intriguing accessibility scenarios due to geographical peculiarities.
Point Roberts, Washington, a small community located at the very northwest corner of the contiguous U.S., offers a prime example. Geographically detached from the rest of Washington state, Point Roberts is entirely surrounded by Canadian territory. Accessing this region requires traversing Canadian roads and waterways, underscoring the complex interweaving of borders even within seemingly homogenous landmasses.
Another unique case lies in Minnesota's Northwest Angle. This sliver of land rests at the most northern point of the contiguous United States, geographically separated from the rest of Minnesota by a Canadian strip bordering Lake of the Woods. Similar to Point Roberts, accessing the Northwest Angle necessitates crossing Canada by road or water, highlighting how geographical intricacies can influence regional connectivity despite being part of the same state and nation.
List of Contiguous States
The contiguous United States comprises 48 states:
ALASKA & HAWAII are excluded as they are non-contiguous.
Northeast Region:
Mid-Atlantic States:
South Atlantic Region:
- Florida*
- Georgia
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- West Virginia* *(sometimes considered Mid-Atlantic)
Southeast States:
Midwest Region:
Note: "Florida" and "West Virginia" can be categorized into either region based on various regional groupings used in demographics and cultural considerations.
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